PENGARUH TEKNIK PERUBAHAN PERILAKU TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PROGRAM LATIHAN DI RUMAH PADA ORANG DEWASA DENGAN GANGGUAN MUSKULOSKELETAL KRONIS: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS DAN META-ANALISIS

Abstract

Adherence to home-based exercise is an important determinant of physiotherapy outcomes in people with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Behaviour change techniques may help patients plan, monitor, and maintain their exercise behaviour. This study aimed to estimate the effects of behaviour change techniques on adherence to home-based exercise among adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Eight bibliographic databases were searched from inception to 22 July 2026, supplemented by trial registries and citation searching. Behaviour change techniques were classified using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy version 1, and meta-analyses used random-effects models. Twelve studies involving 1,248 participants were included in the systematic review, and 10 studies contributed data to at least one meta-analysis. The most frequently identified techniques were goal setting, self-monitoring, feedback, prompts, action planning, and social support. Interventions containing behaviour change techniques were associated with higher exercise adherence (SMD = 0.460; 95% CI: 0.260–0.660; p < 0.001; I² = 52.0%). Participants receiving these interventions were 1.28 times more likely to meet the defined adherence threshold than participants in comparison groups. Small improvements were observed in pain, physical function, and disability, but not in quality of life. Behaviour change techniques may support adherence to home-based exercise. Multicomponent interventions showed greater effect estimates, although this subgroup finding should be interpreted cautiously because the evidence was limited.